Introduction
The following article is a replacement for paragraph "F" of the above analysis and incorporates the latest information now available for the first time from the near perfect copy of the original 1775 Moses Moon Survey owned by Betsy and Dave Miller. The copy measures 12 5/8 by 7 5/16 inches and is framed under glass. It is in pristine condition, probably more legible that the original would be today, if it were found to still exist. A recent xerox of the framed document is identified by the following notation on the rear, "Jim Flowers of Yardley Langhorne gave this map to Betsy & Dave Miller [approximately] 25 years ago." The map shows the road from the River Delaware [at Yardley Ferry] to Langhorne, as surveyed in 1775. A ferry house is shown to be located somewhere further downriver from where the 1775 road meets the river.

This is the same map for which Marie-Therese Hale (M-Th) many years ago found a difficult to read copy marked #20-12-7 upper right corner at Trenton State Library. I struggled many times to read the description written alongside the point of beginning at the Delaware River. Even on our computer enhanced copy the best I could do was "P2dychm formerly a Tyne Ggiery" - The word "formerly" really bothered me. What was it that had been there and disappeared by 1775?

F___1775 Survey Plan (dated December 4, 1775 by Moses Moon)
Revised November 18, 2011. The original overall analysis of which par. "F" is a part, was posted Sept. 26, 2011 and remains unchanged at: http://tavernpc1763.com under the section titled "History/Geography..."

Title: "Draught of the Road laid out from the River Delaware, near Thomas Yardley's Mill now Canby's to Attleborough... Surveyed at the Instance of Jonathan Carlile the 4th day of the 12 Month Anno Domini 1775" Signed by: Moses Moon

The 1775 Survey Plan is remarkable in several ways:

1...It was surveyed during the Revolutionary War (War had started in April 19, 1775)
2...Nails down the location of the Yardley ferry road
3...Only map made during the 1700s that shows Yardleyville ferry house and its location
4...Proves that the original 1721 ferry was still at the same location on December 4, 1775.

1775 - "Point of Beginning Formerly a Spanish Oak"

1721 - "Beginning at a marked Spanish Oak Sapling standing on the bank of the river Delaware"

The 1775 surveyor placed distinct dots at the beginning and end of each course. The survey starts near the river, and there is a "straight line with the circle at the top" with the line pointing straight at a dot nearest the river. The Ferry House is shown located on river road some distance down river from where the 1775 ferry road reaches the top of the river bank. The distance from the dot to the ferry house was measured on the map itself and the results shown in Table I below.

The 1775 Ferry House
The 1775 ferry house shown here was cropped and enlarged from our original difficult to read copy. The image of the ferry house is likely a surveyor's symbol and not based on any actual drawing of the ferry house.

TABLE I - Ferry House - Distance Below 1775 Ferry Road
This table shows how I estimated the distance of the Ferry House downriver from the point of beginning of the 1775 survey. Centimeters (cms) are measured on our computer enhanced enlargement)

Course #2 Main St to Mill Creek Bridge - Surveyor Moon measured 1,848-ft
Course #2 measured by ruler "dot to dot" on the 1775 map = 2.0-cm
Distance from "Pt of Beginning" measured by ruler to Ferry House on the 1775 map = 1.25-cm
Ratio = 1.25/2.0 = 0.625 (Ratio theoretically independent of user's copy of map)
Est. Dist. from 1775 Point of Beginning to Center Line of Ferry House = 1,155-ft
(0.625 x 1,848-ft = 1,155-ft)

Findings: The 1775 survey shows the ferry house well downriver from College Avenue, at about the center of the Metz red brick apartments, and about 500-ft short of the left service wing of the Belville house. It was not common for 1700s road surveys to actually measure side distances to structures.

COMPARING THE 1775 & 1721 SURVEYS

1775 - survey map has no legal description

1721 - legal description has no survey map

The optimum situation would be for each survey to include both. For example, the 1721 description "up the mill race" has a different connotation than simply drawing a race somewhere near a road. On the other hand, a plan provides a way of showing the location of structures such as the ferry house.

We are comparing the first three courses of the 1775 and 1721 surveys.
1...River to Main St
2...Main St to far side of Mill Creek
3...Mill Creek up the hill and along Langhorne Rd straightaway.

The most promising approach was to start the investigation from the Lower Makefield Township (L.M.T.) side, and establish the road centerline along the Langhorne Road straightaway between Edgewood and Scammel's Hill all the way down Scammel's Hill to Mill Creek. Therefore, we analyzed the three courses listed above in the opposite direction, i.e., going toward the river.

1721 Survey (Legal Description)
"Beginning at a marked Spanish Oak Sapling standing on the bank of the river Delaware thence
[1] S 74 degrees W 80 p [1320-ft] through Thomas Yardley's orchard
to the road that leads to the falls, near the said Yardley's mill race; thence up the said race
[2] S 80 degrees W 100 p [1,650-ft] over the said mill creek;"
[3] S 55 degrees W 1040 p [17,160-ft];" [Original document does say 1040]

1775 Survey (Map)
The Langhorne straightaway from Edgewood to Newtown Road continued on the same straight line down Scammel's Hill to Mill Creek. I established the centerline for that road and used it as a baseline for my overlay maps. We also have Ralph Thompson's statement that the intersection of Langhorne Road and Newtown Road never changed. These facts plus the way the road is drawn indicate that it is the common denominator between the 1721 and 1775 surveys.

The 1775 map shows a single watercourse which appears to be a continuous race closely following the 1721 road all the way to and arriving at the south side of the Mill and flowing from there to the river. I believe this is an abbreviated but acceptable way of showing the water supply to the mill on a small map scaled to show the 9-miles long road to Langhorne.

The 1775 survey does not show a mill pond opposite the "Lakeside" - though the Mill and Lakeside are shown. The 1775 survey does not show the dam which is known to exist by 1752 some distance north of the 1721 road, possibly not visible through the woods. Note: The two words written by 1775 surveyor just upstream from the bridge at the bottom of Scammel's Hill are "Mill Creek" and not "Mill Pond" as I originally interpreted the hand printed word.

The phrase "at the instance of" in the title of the 1775 survey means "at the urging or suggestion of" - therefore the 1775 document is not a road return. The reason why we had been unable to find any further road returns for the 1721 ferry road in the vicinity of the river was because the road had simply remained in use through 1775, and probably right up until the new circa 1795 ferry ramp was built on lands later owned by Yardleyville Delaware Bridge Co. [Ref: Par. QQ___Longshore Estate to Hoff (1893), September 26, 2011 of parent article]

     TABLE II - Compare Distance Measurements (1775 Versus 1721)

Survey Courses		Year 1775		Year 1721
1) Point of Beginning to Main Street		1,419-feet		1,320-feet
2) Main Street to Mill Creek		1,848-feet		1,650-feet
3) Creek to "Bend in the Road" in Middletown Township		16,500-feet		17,160-feet
Totals		19,767-feet		20,130-feet

Distance variables:

The 1775 survey shows course #2 from Main St. reaching a point on the far side of Mill Creek. Course #2 of the 1721 passed "over the said mill creek" to a corner. In 1775 the surveyor shows a dot, which appears to be immediately beyond the bridge, whereas in 1721 the surveyor describes the corner as "over the said Mill Creek." The important point is that both corners are located on the same Langhorne straightaway. There were in effect two different creeks, one that existed in 1775 and the other in 1721 and the Langhorne straightaway intersected each of them.

The 1721 surveyor placed the point of beginning [somewhere] on the bank of the river and the 1775 surveyor cites his "point of beginning formerly a Spanish Oak." One possibility is that the 1775 surveyor measured from closer to the river.

TABLE III - Compare Deflection Angles (1775 Versus 1721)
Ref: Pg 109 of "Engineering Surveys" by Rubey, Lommel, Todd, 1950.

There are no markers of any kind where both surveys started at the river. But we were able to compare the two surveys through use of deflection angles coming in the opposite direction from L.M.T. toward the river, thereby taking advantage of the long established Langhorne straightaway.

The sharp 25-degree bend at the creek in 1721 and the angular relation between 1721 Courses 2 & 3 with Main Street is important for validating the location of the Yardley ferry road network, ferry houses, ferry taverns, and ferry crossings.

Due to initial uncertainty deciphering the hand written bearing on Course #1 of the 1775 survey, I used a drafting compass and swung an arc of 1,419-ft. radius from Main Street. This radius pretty well dictates the location ---too far north falls into the river and too far south pulls away from the river. I found the arc came within maybe 25-ft of intersecting the Point of Beginning of the 1721 survey, and using a protractor measured the deflection angle to be 6 and ¼ degrees to the north. Since the 1775 survey (by starting further back up Scammel's Hill) had shifted south both at Mill Creek and at Main Street, it makes sense that it has to shift north to arrive at the location of the former Spanish Oak, and that was the way we drew the tracing. Later, based on the same 1,419-ft limitation mentioned above, it became obvious that the bearing we read as S 13-degrees W had to be S 71 W. On this basis the deflection angle calculated was 4 and ¼ degrees, a difference of 2-degrees which put the point of beginning a little less than 50-ft downriver from where we have the 1721 Spanish Oak.

     TABLE IV - Survey Bearings & Distances (1775 Versus 1721)

Survey Bearings		Year 1775		Year 1721
1) Point of Beginning to Main Street		S 73 W (86 p)		S 74 W (80 p)
2) Main Street to Mill Creek		S 77 13 W(112 p)		S 80 W (100 p)
3) Creek to "Bend in the Road" in Middletown Township		S 53 W (1000 p)		S 55 W (1040 p)

The 1775 surveyor provided two sets of distances for the 3rd course: 1) 1000 perches (p) for the overall distance, and 2) incremental distances between all the roads along the 1000 p which add up as follows: 136 + 528 + 194 + 142 = 1000.

The 1721 surveyor did strictly a road survey, where for example distances up and down hills were not always measured on the horizontal, versus the 1775 survey which has more of the characteristics of a map showing a broad area to either side of the Yardley Langhorne Road.

Moses Moon (b. 1754, d. 1855)
"He lived all his life in Woodbourne and was raised to be a farmer." That made him about 21 years of age in 1775. The survey was "at the instance of" a private individual and not a public road opening ordered by the court. He begins his survey by a symbol representing his starting point, followed by the words "formerly a Spanish Oak. This undoubtedly means the 1775 and 1721 roads had the same point of beginning, and that is what we are trying confirm in this analysis

Investigative Methods
There are at least three different reasons for investigating the 1775 survey
1...Confirm that the two surveys had same point of beginning
2...Validate the location of the ferry house
3...Validate the location of 1721 survey courses #1 & #2 [Rev 12-17-11]

The location where the 1721 ferry road and ferry ramp reached the Delaware River had been forgotten by the 1900s. Surveyors in the 1800s do not appear to have known where it crossed Main Street. There were no records, no 1721 corner markers inside Yardley and no information past the water's edge toward Jersey. And finally, the original marker where 1721 road reached the river had been a Spanish Oak sapling which we now know was gone by 1775.

By 1989 Kathryn Ann Auerbach and others before had clearly recognized that the 1721 road return must be an extension of Yardley Langhorne Road, but the rest of that survey did not logically fit any of the modern road network inside Yardley. Most of our new findings were based on a dozen or so road returns and large number of other documents uncovered by M-Th mostly during the spring, fall, and winter of 1999.

Procedure (Creating the Base Map):
By a tedious trial and error process, overlays of road returns and key property lines over the 300-year period were eventually laid down in the proper sequence in such a way as to makeup for missing information and isolate surveying errors. Surveys recognized to be highly accurate were used to tie everything together. These included the 1893 Longshore Estate Plan and the excellent April 6, 1906 Survey of "Lakeside including 7.9 acres with lake" by Charles H. Moon, prominent surveyor and engineer, and the grandson of Moses Moon.

Our locations for the ferry roads, ferry taverns, ferry houses, and ferry crossings are based on graphics at the largest scale possible that would fit onto two 4 x 8 plywood sheets mounted on wood horses (Scale: 1-inch = 100-feet).

Survey Accuracy: Variables included the precise location of the Spanish Oak Sapling on the bank of the river, the question of whether Mill Creek had been relocated, the changing magnetic declination, the assumption that the true meridian was not established. Each set of deflection angles stands alone, except the two surveys are believed to have been on the same road centerline on the straightaway down Scammel's' Hill. Another variable is distance measurement, whether it was done using a "surveyor's wheel" or chain or some combination of both, and whether measurements up Scammel's Hill were converted to the horizontal. Notwithstanding all this, we have to start by assuming both surveys were accurate.

Relocation of Mill Creek: The two different measured distances from Main Street to Mill Creek must mean that the creek was relocated, and this makes sense based on the terrain and the fact that we know the ferry road into Yardley was definitely shifted two times to accommodate the expansion of the original race, first into a long narrow mill pond, and later into the full size lake. Bear in mind neither Moses Moon or the owners of the mill ever went through any similar thought the thought process like we are attempting almost 300-years after the fact. When the road was built, the owner probably simply said "put it here" and Moses Moon was simply surveying an existing road.

Geometry Section:
It's already been shown that both the Langhorne straightaway and the point of intersection of Langhorne and Newtown roads are the same for the 1721 and 1775 surveys. In addition, I believe the surveyor's statement "formerly a Spanish Oak" referring to the point of beginning of the 1775 survey, makes it almost certain that the two surveys started at the same location near the Delaware River. The surveyed distance to the river pretty much dictates its location ---too far north you fall into the river, and too far south you fall way back from the river.

Procedure (Analyzing the 1775 Road Survey)

Step 1 - Line up 1721 Course #3 of my "red line" plastic overlay on top of the entire underlying mapping system, and very slowly slide the 1775 survey (with all its fixes angles and sides) along the Langhorne straightaway toward Edgewood. Note that the intersection with Main Street moves southward.

Step 2 - Follow the same procedure as Step 1, except using a heavy brown paper cutout of the 1775 survey.

Step 3 - Continue sliding the 1775 survey toward Edgewood until the distance on Course #2 between Main Street and Mill Creek measures 1,848-ft. and then mark the end of the line at Mill Creek.

Step 4 - Draw a tracing that shows both the 1775 and 1721 surveys on the same sheet of paper, and measure the distances at various points between the two surveys.

Drawing showing 1721 & 1775 Surveys:
I traced the two surveys onto the same piece of tracing paper, and photographed that drawing alongside a yardstick showing the 1-in = 100-ft scale. The area enclosed by the two surveys forms a 5-sided polygon, with all unequal sides, and all unequal angles. Combining the two surveys in this way can be studied as though it was a traverse.

Using a ruler, I took the following rough measurements of the varying distance between the 1721 and 1775 survey lines:

1...Zero at the Point of Beginning, i.e. at the Spanish Oak
2...50-ft measured along the centerline of Main St
3...40-ft near just southwest of Main Street - South Main always in same place
4...42-ft at mid-point of the mill pond (use 1807 road return pond size and shape)
5...90-ft at point south of the 1721 bend at the creek
6...Zero at a distance of 182-ft measured with a ruler along course 3 (between the two different corners at the two different Mill Creek locations. See paragraph titled "Distance Variables" under Table II for information concerning the location of Mill Creek/

Combining the 1721 & 1775 Surveys - Creates a Traverse

Although not a true traverse, the 5-sides of the polygon may for our purposes may be studied as though it was a traverse (start at the left end of drawing and proceed counter clockwise):

1... 1721 Course #1

2...1721 Course #2

3...1721 Course #3 - Measure distance with a ruler, since only the bearing is a given for this line,

4...1775 Course #2

5...1775 Course #1 - Measure the deflection angle with a protractor, since only the distance is given for this line.

     Expanded View of Traverse & Yardstick

Findings:

Having already investigated how Newtown Road at Yardley's Main Street had to be shifted to accommodate the mill pond (Ref: Par. "E" of parent article), I eventually realized that the slightly different distances and bearings between Mill Creek and the Delaware River might be showing a new road just south of the 1721 road,even though the old and new road both shared the same point of beginning at the river and the same Langhorne straightaway to the west of Mill Creek.

The increased distance from Main Street and Mill Creek in 1775 compared to 1721 together with a study of the terrain, indicated the creek had been relocated and no other solution would account for the distance difference to Main Street. We took this into account by the way in which we superimposed the 1775 survey onto our base map system. In the vicinity of the Mill Pond, the results for the 1775 road appeared to validate our location for the 1721 road for two reasons: 1) The 1775 survey line falls just outside the 1752 survey line intended to encompass the waterway for the mill, and 2) The location of 1775 course #2 also matches the sideways distance that I had independently calculated as part of my Brock Creek Corridor study. The location where the 1775 survey intersects Main Street also fits our understanding of how the road network evolved.

Initially I was not sure we had correctly deciphered the 1775 bearing for course #1, and therefore used a drafting compass to swing an arc with a radius of 1,419-feet from the 1775 Main Street intersect to the river, and noted that the curved line fell almost precisely on the location we had determined for the Spanish Oak Sapling and these results are shown in the photograph above.

Later I separately determined the location of the 1775 bearing for course #1 was S 73 W. The corresponding deflection angle for this bearing was 4-degrees 13-minutes, which compared to 6-degrees and one-quarter measured by our radius to our location for the Spanish Oak sapling derived based on the 1721 overlay. The Point of Beginning of the 1775 survey was found to be almost 50-ft downriver from the location selected based on our map overlays, which would put the Spanish Oak about 50-feet further downriver from where we have it, and at a distance of over 250-feet below the centerline of Ferry Street somewhere on Lot 13 of the 1893 Longshore Subdivision Plan.